| Trifolium purpureum Loisel, it is an annual herb, up to 20-40 cm, stiff, erect, with spreading hairs. Leaflets all linear-lanceolate, acute, stipules narrow, with free linear awl-shaped part; purple-red flowers, large, the upper ones opening long after the lower ones, in large oblong-conical or thyroids heads, terminal, solitary, pedunculated. Fruiting calyx with oblong, hairy tube, ciliated teeth, spreading, stiff, linear awl-shaped, very unequal, ending in a gland and a bundle of hairs. Corolla extending far beyond the calyx. Life Form: Th, Flowering in: Mar-May, Vern:—————, Phytochoria: MED, The native range of this species is S. France, S. & E. Medit. to Iran. Notes: Wild in Libya.
For more information: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:523602-1, https://www.ipni.org/n/523602-1, https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000213055, https://www.gbif.org/species/5359526, https://www.preservons-la-nature.fr/flore/taxon/3821.html, https://flora.org.il/en/plants/TRIPUR/, http://www.flowersinisrael.com/Trifoliumpurpureum_page.htm, https://www.plantarium.ru/lang/en/page/view/item/45848.html, https://www.florealpes.com/fiche_trifoliumpurpureum.php, https://bgflora.net/families/fabaceae/trifolium/trifolium_purpureum/trifolium_purpureum_en.html |
| Distribution in Libya | ||
| Benghazi Plain | Al-Jabal Al-Akhder | Marmarica Plateau |
| Road between Al-Kuwayfyah and Daryanah 1968 Wadi El-Ghattara 2010 Between Slouk and Al-Abiar 2016 Wadi El-Enaghar 2021 | El-Bakur, near Tocra, Upper stream of Wadi El-Kauf, Wadi Derna 1968 Shahat 1978 El-kouf area 1984 Wadi Al-Agar 1999 Wadi Zaza 2003 Al-Bakur 2007 Gebel Akhder 2007 S.AL-Marj 2011 Valley Jarjr-oma 2013 Wadi El-Kouf 2014 Sidi Abu- Ras 2017 Wadi Om-El-Amaym 2019 From Nuqrat Said to Wadi Al-Zagzoog, From Zawiet Tamula to Al-Manarh, From Lustata to Beshtaya 2019 Al-Abiar (Sidi Amohamed forest) 2020 | Reported in Marmarica north-eastern part of Libya by Pampanini 1930 Omm Rezum 1968 From Tobruk to Egyptian Border 1999 |
| Bibliographic references: | |
| First: Encyclopedia Flora of Libyan: | |
| Jafri, S.M.H. & El-Gadi, A. (1980) Flora of Libya, Fabaceae Vol. (86) Department of Botany, Al-Faateh Univ., Tripoli, Libya. | |
| Second: Researches and PhD theses, master theses, Sorted by Newest: | pdf files |
| Omar, N., El-Mghrbi, N.G., Rahil, R.O., Alaib, M.A., Alzerbi, A.K. (2021) Floristic Composition and Plant Diversity of Western Part of Wadi El- Enaghar, Libya. Species-22(70), 2021. pp. (204-217). https://bit.ly/41TInWw, http://www.discoveryjournals.org/Species/current_issue/2021/v22/n70/index.htm, http://www.discoveryjournals.org/Species/current_issue/2021/v22/n70/A4.pdf | Wadi El- Enaghar, Libya 2021 |
| Saaed, M.W.B., EL-Barasi, Y.M. & Rahil, R.O. (2021) An updated checklist and quantitative analysis of the Marmarica Plateau flora, in the north-eastern part of Libya. Phytotaxa 509 (1): 001-055. https://www.mapress.com/j/pt/, https://www.biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.509.1.1 | An updated Marmarica Plateau flora 2021 |
| Al-Amrouni, M,M., Al-Zarbi, A., Al-Aeb, M. A. (2020) Study of vegetation cover in Sidi Amohamed forest north of the city of Al-Abyar in the Al-Jabal Al-Al-Akhdar. Libya. Journal of Quality Assurance for Scientific Research-The first issue-April-2020 (In Arabic). https://lqac.org.ly/index.php/april2020/, https://lqac.org.ly/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/PDF-1.pdf | غابة سيدي أمحمد شمال مدينة االابيار2020 |
| Ali, A. M., Lashhab, S. R., Abu-Aweena, A. A.M. (2019) Classification of vegetation cover and its geographical distribution in the area extending between Al-Haniya and Wadi Zagzoog in the north to Lasastata and Bishtaya in the south. Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar eastern Libya. Issue (61) Journal of Science and Human Studies- Al-Marj-University of Benghazi-Libya (In Arabic) https://bit.ly/42bAJX1, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/sd-lshhb, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/fdl-allh-altlhy | |
| El-farse, M.H. (2019) Study of the vegetation of Wadi Om-El-Amaym in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar region. Master Thesis- department of environmental science and engineering, Academy of post graduate studies, Benghazi, Libya. (In Arabic) | |
| El-Zerbi, A. K. & Al-Aib, M.A. (2017) Study of vegetation cover in Sidi Bouras region, Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering JESE, VOL. 1, No. 1, January 2017. (In Arabic) http://jese.uoa.edu.ly/JESE_V1N1/JESE_V1N1P11.pdf | سيدي ابو راس 2017 |
| Raheel, RO. M., El-Borasi, Y. M., El-Barrani, M. W., El-Hassi, S. (2016) Study of Flora and vegetation cover of the semi-desert area between Salouq and Al-Abyar-the first high of Jabal Al-Akhdar-Libya, Fourth Scientific Conference for Environment and Sustainable Development In dry and semi-arid areas. Ajdabia. Libya. (In Arabic) https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yacoub-El-Barasi, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rebeh-Rahil | between Salouq and Al-Abyar 2016 |
| El-Mokasabi, F M. (2014) Floristic Composition and Traditional Uses of Plant Species at Wadi Al-kuf, Al-Jabal Al-Akhder, Libya. American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 14 (8): 685-697, 2014, ISSN 1818-769,IDOSI Publications,2014 DOI: 10.5829/ idosi. aejaes. 2014.14.08.12375. https://bit.ly/3VtCvAA, https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/441b/23b83960f007044aca94e26f5c6b170fe102.pdf | Plant Species at Wadi Al-kuf 2014 |
| Abusaief, H. M. A. (2013) Life forms and rangeland for many habitats of Jarjar oma in Al-Jabal Al- Akhdar on Mediterranean Sea. Journal of American Science 2013;9(5) http://www.jofamericanscience.org/journals/am-sci/am0905/029_17747am0905_236_249.pdf | Jarjar oma in Al-Jabal Al- Akhdar 2013 |
| EL-Barasi, Y. M., Barrani, M. W., Abdelsalam, O. EL-Amrouni, N., Mohamad, F. (2011) Check list of flora and vegetation on south EL-Marj zone: south EL-Jabal EL-Akhadar. Libya. Annals of Faculty Engineering Hunedoara-International Journal of Engineering. Tome IX (Year 2011). Fascicule 3. ISSN 1584-2673, 141-146. https://bit.ly/3p7s6hV, http://annals.fih.upt.ro/pdf-full/2011/ANNALS-2011-3-24.pdf | flora and vegetation on south EL-Marj zone 2011 |
| El-Rabiai, G.T., Al tira, F.M., Lamlom, S.H. (2010) Preliminary Checklist for the Flora of Wadi El Ghattara in Libya. Garyounis University Press Journal of Science and Its Applications Vol. 4, No. 1, pp 39-47, December 2010. http://sc.uob.edu.ly/assets/uploads/pagedownloads/5c3e5-39-47.pdf | Flora of Wadi El Ghattara 2010 |
| Abd Al-lkhaleq, Y. M. (2007) Vegetation Coverage of El-Bakur Highlands in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar. Master Thesis, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Garyounis University, Libya. (In Arabic) | |
| El-Barasi, Y.M. & Mohammad, J.F. (2007) Comparative Study of the Seed Bank of Arable Land and Natural Vegetation in El-Jabal El-Akhdar Plateau and Coastal Zone. Journal of Science and Its Applications, Garyounis University Press, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp 1-14. https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=s_tmeUwAAAAJ&hl=en | Seed Bank in El-Jabal El-Akhdar 2007 |
| El-Barasi, Y. M., EI-Sherif, l. M. & Gawhari, A. M. H.(2003) Checklist and analysis of the flora and vegetation of Wadi Zaza at AI-Jabal AI Akhdar (Cyrenaica, Libya). Bocconea 16 (2): 1091-1105. 2003. – ISSN 1120-4060. https://bit.ly/3VowJ3q, http://www.herbmedit.org/bocconea/16-1091.pdf | flora and vegetation of Wadi Zaza 2003_compressed |
| Al-Hamadi R.I.(1999) Floristic and ecological study of Wadi Al-Agar, Master Thesis, Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Botany Department-Faculty of Science-Garyounis University, Benghazi, Libya. (In Arabic) | |
| EL-Habony, A.M. (1999) Vegetation and flora of a sector along Mediterranean cost of Libya from Tobruk to Egyptian border, M.Sc. Thesis, Botany Department-Faculty of Science-Garyounis University, Benghazi, Libya. (In Arabic) | |
| ACSAD (1984) Wadi Al-Kouf National Park Studies Project. Arab Center for the Studies of Arid Zones and Dry Lands. |
