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Xanthium spinosum L., it ia  an annual herb upright, highly branched, dichotomous,  producing a slender stem up to 1 m tall or slightly taller. , Life Form: Th , Flowering in: Jun-Aug ,   Vern:—– , Phytochoria: S.Cosm , The native range of this species is Central & E. Canada to Mexico, Peru to S. South America.   Notes: Introduced, in Libya. weed flora.

For more information: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:260892-1, https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000032434,https://www.gbif.org/species/3089150, https://www.teline.fr/en/photos/asteraceae/xanthium-spinosumhttps://flora.org.il/en/plants/XANSPI/,  https://maltawildplants.com/ASTR/Xanthium_spinosum.php, https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/xanthium/spinosum/, http://floranorthamerica.org/Xanthium_spinosum,    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanthium_spinosum

 

Distribution in Libya
Al-Jafarah Plain Zliten-Misurata Plain Benghazi Plain
Tripoli, Ain Zara 1977 Kaam area 2005 Wadi El Ghattara 2010
Jabal Nafusa Al-Jabal Al-Akhder Marmarica Plateau
Msallata-Garaboulli Province 2020 Gharyan (Sedrores Mountains) 2020 Wadi Kaam (Main course) 2022 Wadi Zaza 2003 Wadi El-Kouf 2014 From Tobruk to Egyptian Border 1999

 

Bibliographic references:  
First: Encyclopedia Flora of Libyan:  
Jafri, S. M. H. & El-Gadi, A. (1983) Flora of Libya, Asteraceae Vol. (107) Department of Botany, Al-Faateh Univ., Tripoli, Libya.
Second: Researches and PhD theses, master theses , Sorted by Newest: pdf files
Almushghub, F., Ahmed, D., Sharaf El-Din, A., Shaltout, k. (2022) Vegetation analysis of Wadi Kaam at northwest Libya. Journal of Basic and Environmental Sciences, 9 (2022) 20-37. https://bit.ly/3AJ2ASJ  , https://jbesci.org/viewp.php?files=published/9.1.3.pdf&id=213 , https://jbesci.org/published/9.1.3.pdf Wadi Kaam 2022
Saaed, M.W.B., EL-Barasi, Y.M. & Rahil, R.O. (2021) An updated checklist and quantitative analysis of the Marmarica Plateau flora, in the north-eastern part of Libya. Phytotaxa 509 (1): 001-055. https://www.mapress.com/j/pt/, https://www.biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.509.1.1 An updated Marmarica Plateau flora 2021
El-Ahmir, S.M., Mahklouf, M.H., Shanta, M.B., Abo-Jaafer, H.A. (2020) Floristic Study of Sedrores Mountains in Gharyan District-Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology. Volume 8 / Issue 1. ISSN: 2348-7313. https://bit.ly/3VkL3Kh, https://scienceq.org/floristic-study-of-sedrores-mountains-in-gharyan-district-libya.php Sedrores Mountains in Gharyan 2020
Mahklouf, M.H., Sherif, A.S., Betelmal, A.G. (2020) Floristic Study and Species Diversity of Msallata-Garaboulli Province in Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology Volume 7 / Issue 3 ISSN: 2348-7313. Journal homepage: http://scienceq.org/Journals/JABZ.php, https://bit.ly/3LgL0KQ https://scienceq.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/JABZV7I304.pdf Msallata-Garaboulli Province in Libya 2020
El-Mokasabi, F M. (2014) Floristic Composition and Traditional Uses of Plant Species at Wadi Al-kuf, Al-Jabal Al-Akhder, Libya. American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 14 (8): 685-697, 2014, ISSN 1818-769,IDOSIPublications,2014DOI:10.5829/idosi.aejaes.2014.14.08.12375. https://bit.ly/3VtCvAAhttps://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/441b/23b83960f007044aca94e26f5c6b170fe102.pdf Plant Species at Wadi Al-kuf 2014
El-Rabiai, G.T., Al tira, F.M., Lamlom, S.H. (2010) Preliminary Checklist for the Flora of Wadi El Ghattara in Libya. Garyounis University Press Journal of Science and Its Applications Vol. 4, No. 1, pp 39-47, December 2010. http://sc.uob.edu.ly/assets/uploads/pagedownloads/5c3e5-39-47.pdf Flora of Wadi El Ghattara 2010
El-Barasi, Y. M., EI-Sherif, l. M. & Gawhari, A. M. H.(2003) Checklist and analysis of the flora and vegetation of Wadi Zaza at AI-Jabal AI Akhdar (Cyrenaica, Libya). Bocconea 16 (2): 1091-1105. 2003. – ISSN 1120-4060. https://bit.ly/3VowJ3q , http://www.herbmedit.org/bocconea/16-1091.pdf flora and vegetation of Wadi Zaza 2003_compressed
Al-Shf, N. S. (2005) a taxonomic study of the plants of the Kaam region. Master Thesis, College of Science, Al-Marqab University, Al-Khums, Libya. (In Arabic)  
EL-Habony, A.M. (1999) Vegetation and flora of a sector along Mediterranean cost of Libya from Tobruk to Egyptian border, M.Sc. Thesis, Botany Department-Faculty of Science-Garyounis University, Benghazi, Libya. (in Arabic)