| Chrozophora tinctoria (L.) A.Juss. / Heterotypic Synonyms: Chrozophora obliqua (Vahl) A.Juss. ex Spreng., it is an annual plant, typically found in nutrient-poor ground. It develops a large taproot. The plant is erect and covered with wool-like hairs. The ash-green leaves are alternate. The tiny monecious flowers are grouped in a raceme. The lower, female flowers lack petals and the upper male flowers have five small yellow petals. Pollination is by ants. The fruits are conspicuous and consist of three dark green conjoined spheres. Their surface is decorated with white scales and warty structures. Each sphere contains three seeds, which are propelled away from the plant by the mechanical force of the mature fruit twisting as it opens. Life Form: Th, Flowering in: May-Oct, Vern: Gasbet et-hmam, Phytochoria: MED+IT, The native range of this species is Medit. to Central Asia and NW. India. Notes: Wild in Libya, in the valley soil loamy, medicinal plant.
For more information: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:340969-1, https://www.ipni.org/n/340969-1, https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000852775, https://www.gbif.org/species/3054465, https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/specie/142950/chrozophora-tinctoria-l-a-juss, https://flora.org.il/en/plants/CHRTIN/, https://www.floraofqatar.com/chrozophora_tinctoria.htm, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrozophora_tinctoria, https://www.actaplantarum.org/flora/flora_info.php?id=2123 |
| Distribution in Libya | ||
| Al-Jafarah Plain | Zliten-Misurata Plain | Jabal Nafusa |
| Reported from Ain Zara, Sorman by Pampanini Wadi El Mgenin, (35 km) S.E. of Tripoli 1975 Sabrata 2008 | Kaam area 2005 Misurata 2006, 2008 | Jahawat area (Misallata-Khoms) road 1977 Saline area (15 km) of W. Khoms 1979 Msallata-Garaboulli Province 2020 Gharyan (Sedrores Mountains) 2020 |
| Al-Jabal Al-Akhder | Marmarica Plateau | Al-Qibla area |
| Reported from Wadi Derna by Durand & Barratte Wadi Zaza 2003 El- Hamamah to Biada 2003 Valley Jarjr-oma 2013 Wadi El-Kouf 2014 | Marmarica (north-eastern part of Libya) 2002 | Wadis South of Mizda 2013 |
| Ghat area | ||
| (10 km) before Ghat 1976 Ghat (Between Acacus and Tassili Mountains) 2004 Wadi Tanezzuft 2012 | ||
| Bibliographic references: | |
| First: Encyclopedia Flora of Libyan: | |
| Jafri, S.M.H. & El-Gadi, A. (1982) Flora of Libya, Euphorbiaceae Vol. (89) Department of Botany, Al-Faateh Univ., Tripoli, Libya. | |
| Second: Researches and PhD theses, master theses, Sorted by Newest: | pdf files |
| Saaed, M.W.B., EL-Barasi, Y.M. & Rahil, R.O. (2021) An updated checklist and quantitative analysis of the Marmarica Plateau flora, in the north-eastern part of Libya. Phytotaxa 509 (1): 001-055. https://www.mapress.com/j/pt/, https://www.biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.509.1.1 | An updated Marmarica Plateau flora 2021 |
| El-Ahmir, S.M., Mahklouf, M.H., Shanta, M.B., Abo-Jaafer, H.A. (2020) Floristic Study of Sedrores Mountains in Gharyan District-Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology. Volume 8 / Issue 1. ISSN: 2348-7313. https://bit.ly/3VkL3Kh, https://scienceq.org/floristic-study-of-sedrores-mountains-in-gharyan-district-libya.php | Sedrores Mountains in Gharyan 2020 |
| Mahklouf, M.H., Sherif, A.S., Betelmal, A.G. (2020) Floristic Study and Species Diversity of Msallata-Garaboulli Province in Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology Volume 7 / Issue 3 ISSN: 2348-7313. Journal homepage: http://scienceq.org/Journals/JABZ.php, https://bit.ly/3LgL0KQ, https://scienceq.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/JABZV7I304.pdf | Msallata-Garaboulli Province in Libya 2020 |
| El-Mokasabi, F M. (2014) Floristic Composition and Traditional Uses of Plant Species at Wadi Al-kuf, Al-Jabal Al-Akhder, Libya. American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 14 (8): 685-697, 2014, ISSN 1818-769,IDOSI Publications,2014DOI:10.5829/idosi.aejaes.2014.14.08.12375. https://bit.ly/3VtCvAA, https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/441b/23b83960f007044aca94e26f5c6b170fe102.pdf | Plant Species at Wadi Al-kuf 2014 |
| Abusaief, H. M. A. (2013) Life forms and rangeland for many habitats of Jarjar oma in Al-Jabal Al- Akhdar on Mediterranean Sea. Journal of American Science 2013;9(5) http://www.jofamericanscience.org/journals/am-sci/am0905/029_17747am0905_236_249.pdf | Jarjar oma in Al-Jabal Al- Akhdar 2013 |
| Mohamed, F.J. (2013) A Taxonomic Study of Wadis Flora South of Mizda at the intersections with Mizda-Sebha Highway. Master Thesis. Department of Botany-Faculty of Science-Sebha University. Libya. (In Arabic) | |
| Mukassabi, T.A, Ahmidat, G., Sherif, I.M., ELMogasapi, A.(2012) Checklist and life forms of plant species in contrasting climatic zones of Libya. Biological Diversity and Conservation – 5 / 3 (2012) https://bit.ly/42hptsN, https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/biodicon/issue/55888/765799 | plant species in contrasting climatic zones of Libya 2012 |
| Baayo, Kh. A. (2008): Floristic composition and Phytochorological Analysis of Misratah area, Libya, Assiut Univ.J. of Botany 37(2), P-P. 33-78 (2008) | |
| El-Yafour, L. A. (2008) Taxonomic study of the vegetation properties of Sabratha city Master Thesis. Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Al-Zawiya University, Libya. (In Arabic) | |
| Al-Dana, S. M. M. (2006) Taxonomic study of wild flower plants in some areas of Misrata. Master Thesis, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Misurata University (7 October previously) Misurata, Libya. (In Arabic) | |
| Al-Shf, N. S. (2005) a taxonomic study of the plants of the Kaam region. Master Thesis, College of Science, Al-Marqab University, Al-Khums, Libya. (In Arabic) | |
| Ahmidat, Gh. (2004) Study of the vegetation cover of the area between the Acacus Mountains and the Tassili Mountains (Ghat). Master Thesis. Department of Botany.College of Science. Sebha University. Libya. (In Arabic) | |
| Al-Sodany, Y. M., Shehata, M. N. & Shaltout, K. H. (2003): Vegetation along an elevation gradient in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. ecologia mediterranea, tome 29, fascicule 2, 2003, p. 125-138. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yassin-Al-Sodany, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kamal-Shaltout | Vegetation an elevation in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar 2003 |
| El-Barasi, Y. M., EI-Sherif, l. M. & Gawhari, A. M. H.(2003) Checklist and analysis of the flora and vegetation of Wadi Zaza at AI-Jabal AI Akhdar (Cyrenaica, Libya). Bocconea 16 (2): 1091-1105. 2003. – ISSN 1120-4060. https://bit.ly/3VowJ3q, http://www.herbmedit.org/bocconea/16-1091.pdf | flora and vegetation of Wadi Zaza 2003_compressed |
| El-Shaary M.S. (2002). The Natural Vegetation in Marmarica plateau (North-eastern Libya). First ed. Tobruk (Libya): Published by the local Authority. (In Arabic) |
