| Euphorbia bivonae Steud., it is a shrubby plant, which reaches a size of 1-1.5 m in height, with reddish, bare branches, the leaves at the top. The branches, if broken, secrete a white latex that is irritating to the skin.In the summer it appears in the form of leafless and skeletal bushes. During winter and spring it forms a ball with lanceolate leaves, with a glaucous green inner edge. The inflorescence is an umbel, with bracts similar to leaves and broadly ovate, obtuse, mucronate yellowish bracteoles. The fruit is a capsule about 4 mm long, usually covered with tubercles, enclosing the ovoid seed, about 3 mm long. Life Form: N.Ph, Flowering in: Jan-Apr, Vern:————–, Phytochoria: MED, The native range of this species is N. Africa, Kriti, Malta, W. Sicilia, Sinai. Notes: Wild in Libya.
For more information: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:345797-1, https://www.ipni.org/n/345797-1, https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000961007, https://www.gbif.org/species/3066022, https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/specie/142996/euphorbia-bivonae-steud, https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euphorbia_bivonae, https://luirig.altervista.org/flora/taxa/index2.php?scientific-name=euphorbia+bivonae, https://www.actaplantarum.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=23038 |
| Distribution in Libya | ||
| Benghazi Plain | Jabal Nafusa | Al-Jabal Al-Akhder |
| Wadi El-Ghattara 2010 | Al-Ghazaya To Wazen 1977 Ain Zarga, near Jado 1970,1978 Msallata National Park (Shaafeen) 2013 Msallata-Garaboulli Province 2020 | Wadi El-Haula, (8 km) from Shahat on the Susa road, Wadi Wardama 1939 S.E. Barce 1958 Wadi El-Hassien, along the coastal road, Ras El-Hilal-Shahat, Wadi Derna 1967 Slonta 1973 Wadi Al-Agar 1999 Wadi Zaza 2003 Wadi Om-El-Amaym 2019 |
| Marmarica Plateau | ||
| Marmarica (north-eastern part of Libya) 2004 | ||
| Bibliographic references: | |
| First: Encyclopedia Flora of Libyan: | |
| Jafri, S.M.H. & El-Gadi, A. (1982) Flora of Libya, Euphorbiaceae Vol. (89) Department of Botany, Al-Faateh Univ., Tripoli, Libya. | |
| Second: Researches and PhD theses, master theses , Sorted by Newest: | pdf files |
| Saaed, M.W.B., EL-Barasi, Y.M. & Rahil, R.O. (2021) An updated checklist and quantitative analysis of the Marmarica Plateau flora, in the north-eastern part of Libya. Phytotaxa 509 (1): 001-055. https://www.mapress.com/j/pt/, https://www.biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.509.1.1 | An updated Marmarica Plateau flora 2021 |
| Mahklouf, M.H., Sherif, A.S., Betelmal, A.G. (2020) Floristic Study and Species Diversity of Msallata-Garaboulli Province in Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology Volume 7 / Issue 3 ISSN: 2348-7313. Journal homepage: http://scienceq.org/Journals/JABZ.php, https://bit.ly/3LgL0KQ, https://scienceq.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/JABZV7I304.pdf | Msallata-Garaboulli Province in Libya 2020 |
| El-farse, M.H. (2019) Study of the vegetation of Wadi Om-El-Amaym in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar region. Master Thesis- department of environmental science and engineering, Academy of post graduate studies, Benghazi, Libya. (In Arabic) | |
| El-Rabiai, G.T., Al tira, F.M., Lamlom, S.H. (2010) Preliminary Checklist for the Flora of Wadi El Ghattara in Libya. Garyounis University Press Journal of Science and Its Applications Vol. 4, No. 1, pp 39-47, December 2010. http://sc.uob.edu.ly/assets/uploads/pagedownloads/5c3e5-39-47.pdf | Flora of Wadi El Ghattara 2010 |
| Mohammed, S.A.H. (2008) A taxonomic and ecological study of the plants of the Shaafin Reserve in Masalatah. Master Thesis. Department of Biology-Faculty of Arts and Sciences-Al-Mirqab University. Al-Khums. Libya. (In Arabic) | |
| Le Houerou H.N. (2004) Plant diversity in Marmarica (Libya and Egypt). A catalogue of the vascular plants reported with their biology, distribution, frequency, usage, economic potential, habitat, and main ecological features, with an extensive bibliography. Candollea. 59:259–308. https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/HN-le-Houerou-62785096 | |
| El-Barasi, Y. M., EI-Sherif, l. M. & Gawhari, A. M. H.(2003) Checklist and analysis of the flora and vegetation of Wadi Zaza at AI-Jabal AI Akhdar (Cyrenaica, Libya). Bocconea 16 (2): 1091-1105. 2003. – ISSN 1120-4060. https://bit.ly/3VowJ3q, http://www.herbmedit.org/bocconea/16-1091.pdf | flora and vegetation of Wadi Zaza 2003_compressed |
| Al-Hamadi R.I.(1999) Floristic and ecological study of Wadi Al-Agar, Master Thesis, Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Botany Department-Faculty of Science-Garyounis University, Benghazi, Libya. (In Arabic) |
