| Euphorbia characias L., it is a subshrub, sometimes with biennial stems up to 180 cm, with 13-30(-40) axillary rays. Leaves (14-)30-130 x 4-10(-17) mm, linear to oblanceolate or occasionally obovate, entire; those of the first year’s growth usually larger than those of the second. Ray-leaves like the upper cauline. Raylet-leaves suborbicular-deltate, usually connate in pairs at the base. Rays 10-20, usually twice, but up to 4 times dichotomous. Glands variable. Capsule 4-7 x 5-6 mm, deeply sulcate, smooth, densely villous. Seeds 2.5-3.8 mm, ovoid, silver-grey. Life Form: N.Ph, Flowering in: Jan-Mar, Vern: Halebleb, Phytochoria: MED, The native range of this species is Medit. Notes: Wild in Libya.
For more information: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:346016-1, https://www.ipni.org/n/346016-1, https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000961343, https://www.gbif.org/species/3067353, https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/specie/143024/euphorbia-characias-l, https://www.maltawildplants.com/EUPH/Euphorbia_characias.php, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euphorbia_characias |
| Distribution in Libya |
| Al-Jabal Al-Akhder |
| (4 km) E. El-Merj, (15 km) S.W. Massah 1967 Shahat 1973 (55 km) E. of Baida 1975 Wadi El-Kauf, Shahat, (22 km) E. of Labrag to Derna, Ain Mara 1978 El-Hamamah to Biada 2003 Wadi El-Akar, Wadi Algharega, Qandulah, Al-Marj-Al-Baida motorway, Wadi El-Kouf 2011 Shahat old city 2017 Wadi Derna 2017 Ain Mara 2020 |
| Bibliographic references: | |
| First: Encyclopedia Flora of Libyan: | |
| Jafri, S.M.H. & El-Gadi, A. (1982) Flora of Libya, Euphorbiaceae Vol. (89) Department of Botany, Al-Faateh Univ., Tripoli, Libya. | |
| Second: Researches and PhD theses, master theses , Sorted by Newest: | pdf files |
| Al-Maqsabi, F. M. & Makhlouf, M. A. (2020) Vegetation cover in the Ain Mara region, Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar region – Libya. The Libyan Journal of Science (An International Journal): Volume 23, 2020. (In Arabic) https://uot.edu.ly/journals/index.php/ljs/article/view/122, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Farag-Elmokasabi-2 | Vegetation Cover of Ain Mara 2020 |
| Ab-Aziza, F.B., El–Barasi, Y.M. and Rahil, R.O. (2017) Flora, Vegetation and Human Activities of Wadi Derna-El-Jabal. Research article I Botany l Version 1. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yacoub-El-Barasi, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rebeh-Rahil | Vegetation Wadi Derna 2017 |
| Abusaief, H. M. A. (2017) Similarities between elevations in a rare species of some locations at Al- Jabal Al-Akhdar in Libya. International Journal of Environment ISSN 2077-4505.Volume: 06 Issue: 03 July-Sept. 2017, Page: 78-102. http://www.curresweb.com/ije/ije/2017/78-102.pdf | Similarities between elevations in a rare species 2017_compressed |
| Hegazyi, A.K., Boulos, L., Kabiel, H.F. and Sharashy, O.S. (2011) Vegetaion and species altitudinal distribution in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar landscape, Libya. Pak. J. Bot., 43(4): 1885-1898, 2011. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ahmad-Hegazy-2 | Vegetaion in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar landscape 2011 |
| Al-Sodany, Y. M., Shehata, M. N. & Shaltout, K. H. (2003): Vegetation along an elevation gradient in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. ecologia mediterranea, tome 29, fascicule 2, 2003, p. 125-138. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yassin-Al-Sodany, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kamal-Shaltout | Vegetation an elevation in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar 2003 |
