| Nitraria retusa (Forssk.) Asch., it is a shrub, up to 3 m tall. Young shoots whitish pubescent, spiny at the apices. Leaves on young branches alternate, on older one fasciculate, cuneiform-falcate, c. 14-15 mm long, c. 8-10 mm broad, glaucous, entire, retuse or tridentate at the apex. Flowers pedicellate, c. 4-5 mm across, greenish-white, fragrant, pedicel c. 3 mm long. Sepals 1.5-2 mm long, canescent-hispid. Drupe, ± triangular-conical, 1-1.5 cm long, red, fleshy. Life Form: Mar-July, Flowering in: Mar-July, Vern:—————–, Phytochoria: SS, The native range of this species is Sahara to Syria and SW. Pakistan. Notes: Wild in Libya, a good sand dune stabilizer medicinal plant.
For more information: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:873339-1, https://www.ipni.org/n/873339-1, https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000381039, https://www.gbif.org/species/3986936, https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/specie/124572/nitraria-retusa-forssk-asch, https://www.plantarium.ru/lang/en/page/view/item/48452.html, https://www.orchid-nord.com/Flore-Djerba/Nitraria%20retusa/Nitraria-retusa.html |
| Distribution in Libya | ||
| Al-Jafarah Plain | Zliten-Misurata Plain | Sirte Plains |
| Tilel beach, (10 km) from Sabratah 1976 Jafara Plain (Wadi Ghado) 2015 | Kaam area 2005 Misurata 2006,2008, 2015 Wadi Kaam (Estuary) 2022 Zliten coast 2022 | Gulf of Sirte, between Misurat and Bugrain 1976 Sirte 2015 Wadi Al-Hamar Region 2020 |
| Benghazi Plain | Jabal Nafusa | Al-Jabal Al-Akhder |
| Zweitina area (Sandy beach) 2016 Wadi El-Enaghar 2021 Beach sand dunes in Karkurah 2021 | El-Rhebat-El-Shiba Koky Mountains 1976 | Wadi Al-Agar 1999 Birccess 2011 Valley Jarjr-oma 2013 Wadi Al-Agar, Wadi Jarjar-Omma 2017 |
| Marmarica Plateau | Al-Qibla area | Al-Jufra area |
| Reported in Marmarica north-eastern part of Libya by Pampanini 1930 From Tobruk to Egyptian Border 1999 Marmarica (north-eastern part of Libya) 2002 Dafna region (Tobruk to Msaid) 2008 | Wadis South of Mizda 2013 | Zella 2008 |
| Fezzan area | Ghat area | |
| (20 km) from Sebha, (10 km) from Brak to Sebha, Al-Barkat, 1976 Wadi Al-Hayat 2009 | (70 km) from Ghat to South 1976 Wadi Tanezzuft 2012 | |
| Bibliographic references: | |
| First: Encyclopedia Flora of Libyan: | |
| Jafri, S.M.H. & El-Gadi, A. (1977) Flora of Libya, Zygophyllaceae Vol. (38) Department of Botany, Al-Faateh Univ., Tripoli, Libya. | |
| Second: Researches and PhD theses, master theses, Sorted by Newest: | pdf files |
| Almushghub, F., Ahmed, D., Sharaf El-Din, A., Shaltout, k. (2022) Vegetation analysis of Wadi Kaam at northwest Libya. Journal of Basic and Environmental Sciences, 9 (2022) 20-37. https://bit.ly/41ReGFx, https://jbesci.org/viewp.php?files=published/9.1.3.pdf&id=213, https://jbesci.org/published/9.1.3.pdf | Wadi Kaam 2022 |
| El-karnawdy, F.O.M., Abogmiza, A.F.M., Alsouyid, H.M.M., Ajaj. K.A.K. (2022) Floristic composition of Zygophyllum coccineum L. Associates in Zliten coast, Libya. 5th International African conference on current studies. February 2-5, 2022 Cairo, Egypt. | Zliten coast 2022 |
| Alteerah, M.A., El-Barasi, Y.M., Ali Alwerfally, A. (2021) Vegetation cover composition and seed bank study of beach sand dunes in Karkurah coastal area, east of Libya. Sustainability, Agri, Food and Environmental Research. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yacoub-El-Barasi, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Munay-Alteerah | Karkurah coastal area 2021 |
| Omar, N., El-Mghrbi, N.G., Rahil, R.O., Alaib, M.A., Alzerbi, A.K. (2021) Floristic Composition and Plant Diversity of Western Part of Wadi El- Enaghar, Libya. Species-22(70), 2021. pp. (204-217). https://bit.ly/41TInWw, http://www.discoveryjournals.org/Species/current_issue/2021/v22/n70/index.htm, http://www.discoveryjournals.org/Species/current_issue/2021/v22/n70/A4.pdf | Wadi El- Enaghar, Libya 2021 |
| Saaed, M.W.B., EL-Barasi, Y.M. & Rahil, R.O. (2021) An updated checklist and quantitative analysis of the Marmarica Plateau flora, in the north-eastern part of Libya. Phytotaxa 509 (1): 001-055. https://www.mapress.com/j/pt/, https://www.biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.509.1.1 | An updated Marmarica Plateau flora 2021 |
| Omar, N.O.I., Alaib, M.A., El-Mghrbi, N.G., Alzerbi, A.K. (2020) Checklist of Flora and Floristic Study of Wadi Al-Hamar Region in Libya. Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Applied Science 6 (2), (2020) 20-24. https://bit.ly/3Vm38ro, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Naser-Omar | Wadi Al-Hamar Region in Libya 2020 |
| Mukassabi, T.A., Thomas,P.A., ELMogasapi, A.(2017) Medicinal plants in Cyrenaica, Libya: existence and extinction. Biological Diversity and Conservation – 10/2 (2017) 183-192. https://bit.ly/44GKtLd, https://eprints.keele.ac.uk/id/eprint/4064/ | Medicinal plants in Cyrenaica 2017 |
| Daidah AM, Mugassby MF (2016) Study of the vegetation of coastal sand dune in Zwaitina area. Eastern Libya. Proceeding of the Fourth Scientific Conference of Environment and Sustainable Development in the Arid and Semi- Arid Regions (ICESD); 2016 Nov 20–22; Ajdabiya (Libya); p. 857–864 (In Arabic). | الغطاء النباتي بالشاطئ الرملي الزويتينة 2016 |
| Abu Hadra, M. N. & Harkat, Z. M. (2015) A taxonomic study of the components of vegetation cover and notes on the environmental impact of Wadi Ghado in the Jafara Plain region in Libya. Professor magazine-Issue 8-University of Tripoli.(In Arabic) https://uotpa.org.ly/alostath/index.php/alostath/issue/view/8 | وادي غدو سهل الجفارة 2015 |
| Aljarroushi, M.M. & Almedham, K.E. (2015) Natural plant cover composition in Misurata area, Libya. Assiut Journal for Environmental Studies-42nd issue-July 2015. (In Arabic) | |
| Elsayed M. A. N. (2015) Floristic Composition of the Plant Cover at Surt Region in Libya. Catrina (2015), 12 (1): 63-71-2010 By the Egyptian society for environmental SCIENCES. https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_18403_37c687e375b9144800a15704e68ebad7.pdf | Plant Cover at Surt Region 2015 |
| Abusaief, H. M. A. (2013) Life forms and rangeland for many habitats of Jarjar oma in Al-Jabal Al- Akhdar on Mediterranean Sea. Journal of American Science 2013;9(5) http://www.jofamericanscience.org/journals/am-sci/am0905/029_17747am0905_236_249.pdf | Jarjar oma in Al-Jabal Al- Akhdar 2013 |
| Mohamed, F.J. (2013) A Taxonomic Study of Wadis Flora South of Mizda at the intersections with Mizda-Sebha Highway. Master Thesis. Department of Botany-Faculty of Science-Sebha University. Libya. (In Arabic) | |
| Mukassabi, T.A, Ahmidat, G., Sherif, I.M., ELMogasapi, A.(2012) Checklist and life forms of plant species in contrasting climatic zones of Libya. Biological Diversity and Conservation – 5 / 3 (2012) https://bit.ly/42hptsN, https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/biodicon/issue/55888/765799 | plant species in contrasting climatic zones of Libya 2012 |
| Hegazyi, A.K., Boulos, L., Kabiel, H.F. and Sharashy, O.S. (2011) Vegetaion and species altitudinal distribution in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar landscape, Libya. Pak. J. Bot., 43(4): 1885-1898, 2011. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ahmad-Hegazy-2 | Vegetaion in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar landscape 2011 |
| El-Bana, M. I. & Al-Mathnani, M. A. (2009) Vegetation-soil relationships in the Wadi Al-Hayat Area of the Libyan Sahara. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 3(2): 740-747, 2009 ISSN 1991-8178. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Magdy-El-Banam, https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/Abdul-Salam-Al-Mathnani-2053550621 | Wadi Al-Hayat Area 2009 |
| Baayo, Kh. A. (2008): Floristic composition and Phytochorological Analysis of Misratah area, Libya, Assiut Univ.J. of Botany 37(2), P-P. 33-78 (2008) | |
| Baayo, Kh. A. (2008) Floristic composition of Sahara Area in Libya. Catrina (2008), 3(3):37-53. https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_18541_f0ebe9187acd58ae16701b93a9bf9cc2.pdf | Floristic composition of Sahara Area in Libya 2008 |
| Al-Dana, S. M. M. (2006) Taxonomic study of wild flower plants in some areas of Misrata. Master Thesis, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Misurata University (7 October previously) Misurata, Libya. (In Arabic) | |
| Al-Shf, N. S. (2005) a taxonomic study of the plants of the Kaam region. Master Thesis, College of Science, Al-Marqab University, Al-Khums, Libya. (In Arabic) | |
| El-Shaary M.S. (2002). The Natural Vegetation in Marmarica plateau (North-eastern Libya). First ed. Tobruk (Libya): Published by the local Authority. (In Arabic) | |
| Al-Hamadi R.I.(1999) Floristic and ecological study of Wadi Al-Agar, Master Thesis, Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Botany Department-Faculty of Science-Garyounis University, Benghazi, Libya. (In Arabic) | |
| EL-Habony, A.M. (1999) Vegetation and flora of a sector along Mediterranean cost of Libya from Tobruk to Egyptian border, M.Sc. Thesis, Botany Department-Faculty of Science-Garyounis University, Benghazi, Libya. (In Arabic) |
