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Melilotus sulcatus Desf., it is an annual herb that is practically glabrous, branched, with branches either erect or decumbent, which can reach 50 cm. Stipules welded to the petioles, subulate. Trifoliate leaves with the terminal leaflet petiolulate, narrowly elliptical or oblanceolate and the lateral ones almost sessile, oblong; all cuneate and with margins sparsely serrulate from the base. Very aromatic flowers, pediceled, in awned axillary clusters, elongated after flowering. Calyx with 5 almost equal teeth, campanulate, glabrous, first green, then tinted in fruiting. Corolla drooping, yellow, larger than the calyx, banner longer than the wings but shorter than the keel. Indehiscent pods, larger than the calyx, 2.5–4 mm long, sessile, glabrous, ovoid, with a rounded apex and a persistent style, straw-colored when dry and with many well-marked concentric grooves. Seeds, 1 per pod, c. 2.1–2.6 x 1.5–1.7 mm, ovoid-ellipsoid, with visible root and cotyledonal lobes, matte, greenish-yellow, golden ocher in color when aged. Warty surface. Very small thread, almost punctate, partially hidden by remains of the funicle. Lens visible, practically confluent with the thread.  Life Form: Th,   Flowering in: Mar-May,   Vern:—————,   Phytochoria: ES+MED, The native range of this species is Macaronesia, Medit. The native range of this species is Macaronesia, Medit.   Notes: Wild in Libya.

For more information: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:507047-1,   https://www.ipni.org/n/507047-1,    https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000185398,   https://www.gbif.org/species/2971112,       https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/specie/147308/melilotus-sulcatus-desf,   https://www.atlasdesemillasdecanarias.org/atlas/ficha.php?ID=203,   https://www.maltawildplants.com/FABC/Melilotus_sulcatus.php,   https://flora.org.il/en/plants/MELSUL/,    http://www.flowersinisrael.com/Melilotussulcatus_page.htm,   https://jb.utad.pt/especie/Melilotus_sulcatus

 

Distribution in Libya
Al-Jafarah Plain Zliten-Misurata Plain Benghazi Plain
Tripoli 1976,1978  Mallaha Wetland Tripoli 2016  Sabratha region 2020 Coastal of Tripoli 2020 Leptus Megna 2004  Kaam area 2005 Misurata 2006  Wadi Kaam (Estuary) 2022 Msus-Al-Ajramia zone 2004  Wadi El-Ghattara 2010  Between Slouk and Al-Abiar 2016  (35 Km) South East of Benghazi (adjacent to the Jardinah village) 2020
Jabal Nafusa Al-Jabal Al-Akhder Marmarica Plateau
Ain Rumia 1968  Kaleba 1974 Misallata, (8km) S. of  Gussbat, Ain Kaam 1978  Misallata (Shaafeen) 2008  Msallata-Garaboulli Province 2020  Gharyan (Sedrores Mountains) 2020 Around Al-Abiar 1970  Shahat 1978  Wadi Al-Agar 1999   Wadi Zaza 2003  Gebel Akhder 2007  Gaber Jera 2013  Valley Jarjr-oma 2013  Wadi El-Kouf 2014  Sidi Abu-Ras 2017  Wadi Om-El-Amaym 2019   Al-Abiar (Sidi Amohamed forest) 2020   Wadi Al-Kouf 2021 Reported in Marmarica north-eastern part of Libya by Pampanini 1930  Marmarica (north-eastern part of Libya) 2002

 

Bibliographic references:  
First: Encyclopedia Flora of Libyan:  
Jafri, S.M.H. & El-Gadi, A. (1980) Flora of Libya, Fabaceae Vol.  (86) Department of Botany, Al-Faateh Univ., Tripoli, Libya.
Second: Researches and PhD theses, master theses, Sorted by Newest: pdf files
Almushghub, F., Ahmed, D., Sharaf El-Din, A., Shaltout, k. (2022) Vegetation analysis of Wadi Kaam at northwest Libya. Journal of Basic and Environmental Sciences, 9 (2022) 20-37. https://bit.ly/41ReGFx , https://jbesci.org/viewp.php?files=published/9.1.3.pdf&id=213, https://jbesci.org/published/9.1.3.pdf Wadi Kaam 2022
Al-Traboulsi, M. & Alaib, M.A. (2021) A Survey of medicinal plants of Wadi Al-Kouf in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. NAT. CROAT, VOL. 30. No 2. (389-404), ZAGREB. December 31, 2021. https://hrcak.srce.hr/269442 / https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/390805 Medicinal plants of Wadi Al-Kouf 2021
Saaed, M.W.B., EL-Barasi, Y.M. & Rahil, R.O. (2021) An updated checklist and quantitative analysis of the Marmarica Plateau flora, in the north-eastern part of Libya. Phytotaxa 509 (1): 001-055. https://www.mapress.com/j/pt/,   https://www.biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.509.1.1 An updated Marmarica Plateau flora 2021
Al-Amrouni, M,M., Al-Zarbi, A., Al-Aeb, M. A. (2020) Study of vegetation cover in Sidi Amohamed forest north of the city of Al-Abyar in the Al-Jabal Al-Al-Akhdar. Libya. Journal of Quality Assurance for Scientific Research-The first issue-April-2020 (In Arabic). https://lqac.org.ly/index.php/april2020/, https://lqac.org.ly/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/PDF-1.pdf غابة سيدي أمحمد شمال مدينة االابيار2020
Al-khojah, H.M., Al-Yafour, L.A., Mahklouf, M.H. (2020) Floristic Study of Selected Districts in Sabratha region Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology Volume 7/Issue 4 ISSN: 2348-7313. https://bit.ly/3Lop40uhttps://scienceq.org/floristic-study-of-selected-districts-in-sabratha-region-libya.php Sabratha region Libya 2020
El-Ahmir, S.M., Mahklouf, M.H., Shanta, M.B., Abo-Jaafer, H.A. (2020) Floristic Study of Sedrores Mountains in Gharyan District-Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology. Volume 8 / Issue 1. ISSN: 2348-7313. https://bit.ly/3VkL3Khhttps://scienceq.org/floristic-study-of-sedrores-mountains-in-gharyan-district-libya.php Sedrores Mountains in Gharyan 2020
El-Taguri, H.M., El-Mogasapi, A.M., El-Barasi, Y.M. (2020) Weed Flora of Man-Made river agriculture project (Masiklo). Libyan Journal of Science & Technology 11:1 (2020) 61-64. http://repository.uob.edu.ly/bitstream/handle/123456789/1291/15.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Abdusslam-Elmogasapi, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yacoub-El-Barasi Weed Flora of Masiklo 2020_compressed
Mahklouf, M.H. (2020) Biodiversity of the coastal flora of Tripoli Province. Biodiv. Res. Conserv. 58: 13-19, 2020. BRC www.brc.amu.edu.pl, http://brc.amu.edu.pl/pdf-127341-54763?filename=Biodiversity%20of%20the.pdf, http://brc.amu.edu.pl/Issue-58-2020,9131 coastal flora of Tripoli 2020
Mahklouf, M.H., Sherif, A.S., Betelmal, A.G. (2020) Floristic Study and Species Diversity of Msallata-Garaboulli Province in Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology Volume 7 / Issue 3 ISSN: 2348-7313. Journal homepage: http://scienceq.org/Journals/JABZ.php, https://bit.ly/3LgL0KQ https://scienceq.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/JABZV7I304.pdf Msallata-Garaboulli Province in Libya 2020
El-farse, M.H. (2019) Study of the vegetation of Wadi Om-El-Amaym in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar region. Master Thesis- department of environmental science and engineering, Academy of post graduate studies, Benghazi, Libya. (In Arabic)  
El-Zerbi, A. K. & Al-Aib, M.A. (2017) Study of vegetation cover in Sidi Bouras region, Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering JESE, VOL. 1, No. 1, January 2017. (In Arabic) http://jese.uoa.edu.ly/JESE_V1N1/JESE_V1N1P11.pdf سيدي ابو راس 2017
Mahklouf, M.H. & Al-Sghair, F.G. (2016) Floristic and Inventory Study of Mallaha Wetland Tripoli – Libya. American Journal of Life Science Researches, Oct 2016, Volume 4, Issue 4.PP(119-123) https://bit.ly/3LJPNED, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf Mallaha Wetland 2016
Raheel, RO. M., El-Borasi, Y. M., El-Barrani, M. W., El-Hassi, S. (2016) Study of Flora and vegetation cover of the semi-desert area between Salouq and Al-Abyar-the first high of Jabal Al-Akhdar-Libya, Fourth Scientific Conference for Environment and Sustainable Development In dry and semi-arid areas. Ajdabia. Libya. (In Arabic) https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yacoub-El-Barasihttps://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rebeh-Rahil between Salouq and Al-Abyar 2016
El-Mokasabi, F M. (2014) Floristic Composition and Traditional Uses of Plant Species at Wadi Al-kuf, Al-Jabal Al-Akhder, Libya. American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 14 (8): 685-697, 2014, ISSN 1818-769,IDOSI Publications,2014 DOI:10.5829/idosi.aejaes.2014.14.08.12375. https://bit.ly/3VtCvAA, https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/441b/23b83960f007044aca94e26f5c6b170fe102.pdf Plant Species at Wadi Al-kuf 2014
Abusaief, H. M. A. (2013) Life forms and rangeland for many habitats of Jarjar oma in Al-Jabal Al- Akhdar on Mediterranean Sea. Journal of American Science 2013;9(5) http://www.jofamericanscience.org/journals/am-sci/am0905/029_17747am0905_236_249.pdf Jarjar oma in Al-Jabal Al- Akhdar 2013
Al-Tajouri, A., Al-Aaeb, M.A., Al-Zarbi, A. K. (2013) Barley crop contamination with weed seeds in Gaber-Jira farms in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. Journal of Benghazi University of Science-the third and fourth edition (45-53). (In Arabic) http://uob.edu.ly/assets/uploads/pagedownloads/c85d3-3-4-2013-a.pdf قبر جيرة بالجبل الاخضر 2013
El-Rabiai, G.T., Al tira, F.M., Lamlom, S.H. (2010) Preliminary Checklist for the Flora of Wadi El Ghattara in Libya. Garyounis University Press Journal of Science and Its Applications Vol. 4, No. 1, pp 39-47, December 2010. http://sc.uob.edu.ly/assets/uploads/pagedownloads/5c3e5-39-47.pdf Flora of Wadi El Ghattara 2010
Mohammed, S.A.H. (2008) A taxonomic and ecological study of the plants of the Shaafin Reserve in Masalatah. Master Thesis. Department of Biology-Faculty of Arts and Sciences-Al-Mirqab University. Al-Khums. Libya. (In Arabic)  
El-Barasi, Y.M. & Mohammad, J.F. (2007) Comparative Study of the Seed Bank of Arable Land and Natural Vegetation in El-Jabal El-Akhdar Plateau and Coastal Zone. Journal of Science and Its Applications, Garyounis University Press, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp 1-14. https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=s_tmeUwAAAAJ&hl=en Seed Bank in El-Jabal El-Akhdar 2007
Al-Dana, S. M. M. (2006) Taxonomic study of wild flower plants in some areas of Misrata. Master Thesis, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Misurata University (7 October previously) Misurata, Libya. (In Arabic)  
Al-Shf, N. S. (2005) a taxonomic study of the plants of the Kaam region. Master Thesis, College of Science, Al-Marqab University, Al-Khums, Libya. (In Arabic)  
El-Komati, A. F. (2004) Medicinal plants in the Shapiat of Marqab, their distribution, classification and importance. Master Thesis. Biology Department- Faculty of Science-Al-Marqab University. Al-Khums. Libya. (In Arabic)  
El-Jetlawi A.O.(2004) Study of vegetation and soil seed bank of a range desert zone (Msus-Al-Ajramia), Master of Science Thesis, Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Benghazi University, Benghazi, Libya (In Arabic)  
El-Barasi, Y. M., EI-Sherif, l. M. & Gawhari, A. M. H.(2003) Checklist and analysis of the flora and vegetation of Wadi Zaza at AI-Jabal AI Akhdar (Cyrenaica, Libya). Bocconea 16 (2): 1091-1105. 2003. – ISSN 1120-4060. https://bit.ly/3VowJ3qhttp://www.herbmedit.org/bocconea/16-1091.pdf flora and vegetation of Wadi Zaza 2003_compressed
El-Shaary M.S. (2002). The Natural Vegetation in Marmarica plateau (North-eastern Libya). First ed. Tobruk (Libya): Published by the local Authority. (In Arabic)  
Al-Hamadi R.I.(1999) Floristic and ecological study of Wadi Al-Agar, Master Thesis, Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Botany Department-Faculty of Science-Garyounis University, Benghazi, Libya. (In Arabic)