| Marrubium vulgare L., it is a upright or spreading, perennial, much-branched herb with stems square in cross-section, up to about 60 cm tall, more or less covered in woolly interwoven hairs. The oppositely-arranged leaves are also densely covered in woolly hairs. The lower leaves have longer petioles than the upper ones, up to 10-25 mm long. The leaves are 1-70 mm long and 8-45 mm wide, egg-shaped or almost rounded in outline and crinkly in appearance. They have bluntly toothed margins and a rounded tip. The white tubular flowers, each 6-12 mm long, are borne in dense clusters in the axils of the upper leaves. The flowers are two-lipped, the upper lip being divided into two lobes and the lower into three lobes. The flowers are surrounded by a persistent green calyx tube of fused sepals with ten narrow teeth. The fruit contains four seeds or nutlets enclosed in the old flower calyx, which has ten backward-curved teeth or spines. The seeds are 1-2.5 mm long, egg- or pear-shaped, and with a slightly rough surface texture. Life Form: Ch, Flowering in: Apr-Jul, Vern: Robia, Phytochoria: ES+MED+IT, The native range of this species is Macaronesia, Europe, Medit. to Central Himalaya. Notes: Wild in Libya, medicinal plant.
For more information: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:449990-1, https://www.ipni.org/n/449990-1, https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000236711, https://www.gbif.org/species/2927069, https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/specie/117802/marrubium-vulgare-l, https://www.preservons-la-nature.fr/flore/taxon/2903.html, https://www.florealpes.com/fiche_Marrube.php, https://www.wildflowersprovence.fr/plant/marrubium-vulgare/, https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.119607, https://flora.org.il/en/plants/MARVUL/ |
| Distribution in Libya | ||
| Al-Jafarah Plain | Zliten-Misurata Plain | Sirte Plains |
| Bir Aeiad project 1978 Sabrata 2008 Sidi-Omeer 2016 | Misurata 1975 Leptus Megna 2004 Kaam area 2005 Misurata 2006, 2008 Misurata (Sassu Valley) 2016 Zliten (Wadi EL-Zekr) 2022 | Tawargha 1975 Wadi Soofejeen 2017 |
| Benghazi Plain | Jabal Nafusa | Al-Jabal Al-Akhder |
| Qaminas to Ajdabia (Slouk plain) 2006 Wadi El-Ghattara 2010 Between Slouk and Al-Abiar 2016 | (22 km) W. of Khoms 1967 Ain Rumia 1968 Khoms 1975 Gharian 1974 Between Gharian and Janduba 1976 Al-Nagaza 1977 Msallata, Hafs area 1978 Msallata (Shaafeen) 2008 Msallata National Park (Shaafeen) 2013 Gasar Akhiar, Ghanima 2016 Msallata (Shaafien) 2017 Al-Assaba 2018 Tarhuna (Khasya, Terghlat) 2018 Msallata-Garaboulli Province 2020 Gharyan (Sedrores Mountains) 2020 Wadi Kaam (Dam & lake) 2022 | Marawa 1967 Wadi Derna 1968,1970 (20 km) Labrag, (35 km) from Lamluda, (17 km) from Al-Gaigub to Martuba 1972 (55 km) E. Baida 1975 Wadi El-Kauf, Shahat 1978 Wadi Zaza 2003 El-Hamamah to Biada 2003 El- Bakur 2007 Wadi El-Akar, Wadi Algharega, Wadi El-Kouf 2011 Al-Mansora 2013 Wadi El-Kouf 2014 Wadi Haboon 2015 Wadi Belkaf-Bata 2016 Sidi Abu-Ras 2017 Wadi Zaza, Wadi Al-Ager, Wadi Jarjar-Omma 2017 Wadi Derna 2017 Wadi Om-El-Amaym 2019 Al-Abiar (Sidi Amohamed forest) 2020 Ain Mara 2020 Wadi Al-Kouf 2021 Al-Mansura to Settia 2021 |
| Marmarica Plateau | ||
| Reported in Marmarica north-eastern part of Libya by Pampanini 1930 (70 km) from Masaiad to Tobruk, (30 km) before Al-Tamimi on way back from Tobruk 1975 From Tobruk to Egyptian Border 1999 | ||
| Bibliographic references: | |
| First: Encyclopedia Flora of Libyan: | |
| Jafri, S.M.H. & El-Gadi, A. (1985) Flora of Libya, Lamiaceae Vol. (118) Department of Botany, Al-Faateh Univ., Tripoli, Libya. | |
| Second: Researches and PhD theses, master theses, Sorted by Newest: | pdf files |
| Almushghub, F., Ahmed, D., Sharaf El-Din, A., Shaltout, k. (2022) Vegetation analysis of Wadi Kaam at northwest Libya. Journal of Basic and Environmental Sciences, 9 (2022) 20-37. https://bit.ly/41ReGFx, https://jbesci.org/viewp.php?files=published/9.1.3.pdf&id=213, https://jbesci.org/published/9.1.3.pdf | Wadi Kaam 2022 |
| El-Karnawdy, F.O.M. & Swaisy, A.S.M. (2022) Current status of floristic structure in Wadi EL-Zekr, Zliten City, Libya. Middle East International Conference on Contemporary Scientific Studies-VII-Beirut Arab University, Lebanon-March 3-4, 2022. https://www.middleeastconference.org/_files/ugd/614b1f_77fabd66c5054350a95423613bc913b6.pdf, https://www.middleeastconference.org/conference-books | Wadi EL-Zekr, Zliten 2022 |
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| Al-Traboulsi, M. & Alaib, M.A. (2021) A Survey of medicinal plants of Wadi Al-Kouf in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. NAT. CROAT, VOL. 30. No 2. (389-404), ZAGREB. December 31, 2021. https://hrcak.srce.hr/269442 / https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/390805 | Medicinal plants of Wadi Al-Kouf 2021 |
| Saaed, M.W.B., EL-Barasi, Y.M. & Rahil, R.O. (2021) An updated checklist and quantitative analysis of the Marmarica Plateau flora, in the north-eastern part of Libya. Phytotaxa 509 (1): 001-055. https://www.mapress.com/j/pt/, https://www.biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.509.1.1 | An updated Marmarica Plateau flora 2021 |
| Al-Amrouni, M,M., Al-Zarbi, A., Al-Aeb, M. A. (2020) Study of vegetation cover in Sidi Amohamed forest north of the city of Al-Abyar in the Al-Jabal Al-Al-Akhdar. Libya. Journal of Quality Assurance for Scientific Research-The first issue-April-2020 (In Arabic). https://lqac.org.ly/index.php/april2020/, https://lqac.org.ly/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/PDF-1.pdf | غابة سيدي أمحمد شمال مدينة الابيار2020_ |
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| El-Ahmir, S.M., Mahklouf, M.H., Shanta, M.B., Abo-Jaafer, H.A. (2020) Floristic Study of Sedrores Mountains in Gharyan District-Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology. Volume 8 / Issue 1. ISSN: 2348-7313. https://bit.ly/3VkL3Kh, https://scienceq.org/floristic-study-of-sedrores-mountains-in-gharyan-district-libya.php | Sedrores Mountains in Gharyan 2020 |
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| El-farse, M.H. (2019) Study of the vegetation of Wadi Om-El-Amaym in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar region. Master Thesis- department of environmental science and engineering, Academy of post graduate studies, Benghazi, Libya. (In Arabic) | |
| Al-Dayek, J.H. G. (2018) Inventory of the perennial and prevalent vegetation cover in the Al-Assaba mountain region. The fifth Scientific Conference of Environment and Sustainable Development in the Arid and Semi-Arid Regions (ICESD) – From 23-25. July-2018. Ajdabiya-Libya. (In Arabic) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338116426 | |
| Beit Al-Mal, A. G. & El-Hadar, I. A. (2018) An analytical study of vegetation (Case Study: Targhalat, Tarhouna Municipality, Libya.Special issue of the second annual conference on theories and applications Basic and Biological Sciences. 1 September 2018. | الغطاء النباتي بترغلات ترهونه 2018 |
| Mahklouf, M.H. Sherif, A.S, Betelmal, A. G. (2018) Floristic Study for Tarhuna-Libya. Hacettepe J. Biol. & Chem, 2018, 46 (3), 337-364. https://bit.ly/3p26EuO, http://www.hjbc.hacettepe.edu.tr/journal/volume-46/issue-3/floristic-study-for-tarhuna-libya/index.html | Floristic Study for Tarhuna 2018 |
| Ab-Aziza, F.B., El–Barasi, Y.M. and Rahil, R.O. (2017) Flora, Vegetation and Human Activities of Wadi Derna-El-Jabal. Research article I Botany l Version 1. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yacoub-El-Barasi, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rebeh-Rahil | Vegetation Wadi Derna 2017 |
| Bahri, N.M. (2017) Identify, Limit and Determine the Vegetation Types of Wadi Ka’am Areas, Libya. Journal of Marine Sciences and Environmental Technologies-Volume (3) -Issue (2) (In Arabic) http://www.asmarya.edu.ly/journal2/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/JMSET06-3-1-20171.pdf | وادي كعام ومناطق اخري 2017 |
| El-Zerbi, A. K. & Al-Aib, M.A. (2017) Study of vegetation cover in Sidi Bouras region, Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering JESE, VOL. 1, No. 1, January 2017. (In Arabic) http://jese.uoa.edu.ly/JESE_V1N1/JESE_V1N1P11.pdf | سيدي ابو راس 2017 |
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