| Thymbra capitata (L.) Cav. / Homotypic Synonyms: Thymus capitatus (L.) Hoffmanns. & Link, it is a compact, much-branched, canescent, dwarf shrub, up to 20-50 (-150) cm tall with ascending to erect thickish branches, stiff and spinescent at length. Leaves sessile, stiff, linear, 2-10 x 1-1.2 mm, sub glabrous, gland dotted, and ciliate at base, with young leaves in axils. Heads oblong-conical, 5-10 mm long ciliate, bracteoles c. 6 mm long, oval, leafy, and ciliate. Calyx c. 5 mm long, ± oval, strongly compressed dorsally, 13-veined, 2-lipped, the upper lip broad with 3 triangular teeth, the lower lip deeply 2-fid with subulate ciliate teeth, throat villous. Corolla bi labiate, up to 10 mm long, tube exserted, purplish-pink, the upper lip ± flat, 2-lobed, the lower lip 3-lobed. Stamens 4, diverging from the base. Style branches ± equal. Life Form: Ch, Flowering in: Apr-Jul, Vern: Zaatar, Phytochoria: MED, The native range of this species is Medit. Notes: Wild in Libya, medicinal plant, Endangered Plant in Libya.
For more information: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:460817-1, https://www.ipni.org/n/460817-1, https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000323594, https://www.gbif.org/species/5607804, https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/specie/145264/thymbra-capitata-l-cav, https://www.maltawildplants.com/LABT/Thymbra_capitata.php, https://jb.utad.pt/especie/Thymbra_capitata, https://phrygana.eu/Flora/Lamiaceae/Thymbra-capitata/Thymbra-capitata.html, https://biodiversitycyprus.blogspot.com/2016/03/thymbra-capitata-l-cav-cyprus.html, https://hoseito.com/producto/thymbra-capitata-l-cav/, https://botany.cz/cs/thymbra-capitata/, https://antropocene.it/en/2022/10/26/thymbra-capitata-en/ |
| Distribution in Libya | ||
| Al-Jafarah Plain | Zliten-Misurata Plain | Benghazi Plain |
| Wadi El-Kharwaa 1978 | Leptus Megna 2004 Kaam area 2005 | Wadi El-Ghattara 2010 Between Slouk and Al-Abiar 2016 Wadi El-Enaghar 2021 |
| Jabal Nafusa | Al-Jabal Al-Akhder | Marmarica Plateau |
| Near Rgrag Tijween 1970 Gebel Nafousa 1971 Khoms 1972 Gharian (2.5 km) from Yefren, Nalut-Ejwabia, Jado 1974 Qaser Khiar, Al-Nagaza 1976 Aulad-Mhimmed, Al-Nagaza 1977 Wadi Louti, Gharian, Gussbat 1978 Msallata (Shaafeen) 2008 Msallata National Park (Shaafeen) 2013 Jabal Nafusa (Wadi El-Watiah), Abughilan, Gharian-Nalut 2016 Msallata (Shaafien) 2017 Wadi Kaam 2017 Tarhuna (Hejaz, Khsaya, Msabha) 2018 Msallata-Garaboulli Province 2020 Gharyan (Sedrores Mountains) 2020 Wadi Kaam (Main course) 2022 | Taknes, (2 km) from Faida 1972 El-kouf area 1984 Wadi Al-Agar 1999 Wadi Zaza 2003 El-Hamamah to Biada 2003 S. of AL-Marj 2011 Al-Mansora 2013 Wadi El-Shees 2014 Wadi El-Kouf 2014 Wadi Haboon 2015 Wadi Belkaf-Bata 2016 Wadi El-Gharega 2016 Wadis Jardas Jerrari 2016, 2017 Susah, Shahat, Sidi Ahmad Al-Hemery, Al-Marj-Al-Baida motorway, El-Beida (Belghra), Wadi El-Kouf 2017 Wadi Ralles, Balghara, Al-Mansora 2017 Wadi Zaza, Wadi Al-Ager 2017 Al-Abiar (Sidi Amohamed forest) 2020 Wadi Al-Kouf 2021 | Reported in Marmarica north-eastern part of Libya by Pampanini 1930 Marmarica (north-eastern part of Libya) 2002 Dafna region (Tobruk to Msaid) 2008 |
| Bibliographic references: | |
| First: Encyclopedia Flora of Libyan: | |
| Jafri, S.M.H. & El-Gadi, A. (1985) Flora of Libya, Lamiaceae Vol. (118) Department of Botany, Al-Faateh Univ., Tripoli, Libya. | |
| Second: Researches and PhD theses, master theses, Sorted by Newest: | pdf files |
| Almushghub, F., Ahmed, D., Sharaf El-Din, A., Shaltout, k. (2022) Vegetation analysis of Wadi Kaam at northwest Libya. Journal of Basic and Environmental Sciences, 9 (2022) 20-37. https://bit.ly/3AJ2ASJ, https://jbesci.org/viewp.php?files=published/9.1.3.pdf&id=213 , https://jbesci.org/published/9.1.3.pdf | Wadi Kaam 2022 |
| Al-Traboulsi, M. & Alaib, M.A. (2021) A Survey of medicinal plants of Wadi Al-Kouf in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. NAT. CROAT, VOL. 30. No 2. (389-404), ZAGREB. December 31, 2021. https://hrcak.srce.hr/269442 / https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/390805 | Medicinal plants of Wadi Al-Kouf 2021 |
| Omar, N., El-Mghrbi, N.G., Rahil, R.O., Alaib, M.A., Alzerbi, A.K. (2021) Floristic Composition and Plant Diversity of Western Part of Wadi El- Enaghar, Libya. Species-22(70), 2021. pp. (204-217). https://bit.ly/41TInWw, http://www.discoveryjournals.org/Species/current_issue/2021/v22/n70/index.htm | Wadi El- Enaghar, Libya 2021 |
| Saaed, M.W.B., EL-Barasi, Y.M. & Rahil, R.O. (2021) An updated checklist and quantitative analysis of the Marmarica Plateau flora, in the north-eastern part of Libya. Phytotaxa 509 (1): 001-055. https://www.mapress.com/j/pt/, https://www.biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.509.1.1 | An updated Marmarica Plateau flora 2021 |
| Al-Amrouni, M,M., Al-Zarbi, A., Al-Aeb, M. A. (2020) Study of vegetation cover in Sidi Amohamed forest north of the city of Al-Abyar in the Al-Jabal Al-Al-Akhdar. Libya. Journal of Quality Assurance for Scientific Research-The first issue-April-2020 (In Arabic). https://lqac.org.ly/index.php/april2020/, https://lqac.org.ly/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/PDF-1.pdf | غابة سيدي أمحمد شمال مدينة الابيار2020 |
| El-Ahmir, S.M., Mahklouf, M.H., Shanta, M.B., Abo-Jaafer, H.A. (2020) Floristic Study of Sedrores Mountains in Gharyan District-Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology. Volume 8 / Issue 1. ISSN: 2348-7313. https://bit.ly/3VkL3Kh, https://scienceq.org/floristic-study-of-sedrores-mountains-in-gharyan-district-libya.php | Sedrores Mountains in Gharyan 2020 |
| Mahklouf, M.H., Sherif, A.S., Betelmal, A.G. (2020) Floristic Study and Species Diversity of Msallata-Garaboulli Province in Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology Volume 7 / Issue 3 ISSN: 2348-7313. Journal homepage: http://scienceq.org/Journals/JABZ.php, https://bit.ly/3LgL0KQ, https://scienceq.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/JABZV7I304.pdf | Msallata-Garaboulli Province in Libya 2020 |
| Mahklouf, M.H. Sherif, A.S, Betelmal, A. G. (2018) Floristic Study for Tarhuna-Libya. Hacettepe J. Biol. & Chem, 2018, 46 (3), 337-364. https://bit.ly/3p26EuO, http://www.hjbc.hacettepe.edu.tr/journal/volume-46/issue-3/floristic-study-for-tarhuna-libya/index.html | Floristic Study for Tarhuna 2018 |
| Abusaief, H. M. A. (2017) Similarities between elevations in a rare species of some locations at Al- Jabal Al-Akhdar in Libya. International Journal of Environment ISSN 2077-4505.Volume: 06 Issue: 03 July-Sept. 2017, Page: 78-102. http://www.curresweb.com/ije/ije/2017/78-102.pdf | Similarities between elevations in a rare species 2017 |
| Abusaief, H.M.A. & Alwishish, F.M. (2017) Survey of endangered plants and description the seeds in some sites at Al-JabalAl-Akhdar of Libya. Curr. Sci. Int., 6 (3): 511-539, 2017 ISSN 2077-4435. http://www.curresweb.com/csi/csi/2017/511-539.pdf | Survey of endangered at Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar 2017 |
| Bahri, N.M. (2017) Identify, Limit and Determine the Vegetation Types of Wadi Ka’am Areas, Libya. Journal of Marine Sciences and Environmental Technologies-Volume (3) -Issue (2) (In Arabic) http://www.asmarya.edu.ly/journal2/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/JMSET06-3-1-20171.pdf | وادي كعام ومناطق اخري 2017 |
| Mosallam, H.A.M., Hashim, A.M., Sergiwa, S.S., Gibreel, M.A.(2017) Size Distribution of Some Endangered Plant Species, Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. Egypt. J. Bot., Vol. 57, No, 1. Pp.181- 197 (2017). https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_2500.html | Some Endangered Plant in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar 2017 |
| Mukassabi, T.A., Thomas,P.A., ELMogasapi, A.(2017) Medicinal plants in Cyrenaica, Libya: existence and extinction. Biological Diversity and Conservation – 10/2 (2017) 183-192. https://bit.ly/44GKtLd, https://eprints.keele.ac.uk/id/eprint/4064/ | Medicinal plants in Cyrenaica 2017 |
| Al-Aib, M.A., Elbakkosh, A.M., Ali, Y.B., Gadelmola, A.S., Elmhafdi, A.M. (2016) Preliminary Investigation of the Vegetation of Wadi Belkaf-Bata Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar-Libya. Libyan Journal of Basic Science (LJBS) Vol: 4, No: 1, PP: 20-27., 2016. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohamed-Alaib | Wadi Belkaf- Bata Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar 2016 |
| Hegazy, A.; Kabiel, H.; AlRowaily, S.; Lovett-Doust, L. and AlBorki, A. (2016) Plant communities and reproductive phenology in mountainous regions of northern Libya. Journal of Forestry Research. July 2017, Volume 28, Issue4, pp 741-761|. https://bit.ly/3HlBjcJ, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ahmad-Hegazy-2 | |
| Raheel, RO. M., El-Borasi, Y. M., El-Barrani, M. W., El-Hassi, S. (2016) Study of Flora and vegetation cover of the semi-desert area between Salouq and Al-Abyar-the first high of Jabal Al-Akhdar-Libya, Fourth Scientific Conference for Environment and Sustainable Development In dry and semi-arid areas. Ajdabia. Libya. (In Arabic) https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yacoub-El-Barasi, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rebeh-Rahil | between Salouq and Al-Abyar 2016 |
| El-Rabiai, G.T. & Al tira, M. (2015) Checklist of the Flora of Wadi Haboon at AI Jabal AI Akhdar (Cyrenaica, Libya). International Journal of Pharmacy & Life Sciences 6(8-9): Aug-Sep, 2015:4661-4665] Coden (USA): IJPLCP ISSN: 0976-7126. http://uob.edu.ly/assets/uploads/pagedownloads/27a3a-wadi-haboon.pdf | Wadi Haboon at AI Jabal AI Akhdar 2015 |
| El-Mokasabi, F M. (2014) Floristic Composition and Traditional Uses of Plant Species at Wadi Al-kuf, Al-Jabal Al-Akhder, Libya. American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 14 (8): 685-697, 2014, ISSN 1818-769,IDOSI Publications,2014 DOI: 10.5829/idosi. aejaes. 2014.14.08.12375. https://bit.ly/3VtCvAA, https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/441b/23b83960f007044aca94e26f5c6b170fe102.pdf | Plant Species at Wadi Al-kuf 2014 |
| Shaltout ,K, Fawzy,M., Galal T., Awad M., El-Barasi Y., Saeed, B. (2014) Impact of waste water discharge on the plant communities and size structure of Wadi El-Shees, Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. FeddesRepertorium2014, 125, 1-13 DOI: 10.1002/fedr. 201400023. http://uob.edu.ly/assets/uploads/pagedownloads/7a17e-094.pdf | Wadi El-Shees 2014 |
| Abusaief, H. M. A. and Dakhil, A. H. (2013) The floristic composition of Rocky habitat of Al Mansora in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar- Libya. New York Science Journal 2013; 6(5). https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Huda-Abusaief | Al Mansora in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar 2013 |
| Al-Masalati, N. A. A. (2013) Plant diversity across the altitudes of the Msallata National Park Reserve Mountains. Master Thesis. Botany Department-College of Science-University of Benghazi-Libya. (In Arabic) | |
| EL-Barasi, Y. M., Barrani, M. W., Abdelsalam, O. EL-Amrouni, N., Mohamad, F. (2011) Check list of flora and vegetation on south EL-Marj zone: south EL-Jabal EL-Akhadar. Libya. Annals of Faculty Engineering Hunedoara-International Journal of Engineering. Tome IX (Year 2011). Fascicule 3. ISSN 1584-2673, 141-146. https://bit.ly/3p7s6hV, http://annals.fih.upt.ro/pdf-full/2011/ANNALS-2011-3-24.pdf | flora and vegetation on south EL-Marj zone 2011 |
| El-Rabiai, G.T., Al tira, F.M., Lamlom, S.H. (2010) Preliminary Checklist for the Flora of Wadi El Ghattara in Libya. Garyounis University Press Journal of Science and Its Applications Vol. 4, No. 1, pp 39-47, December 2010. http://sc.uob.edu.ly/assets/uploads/pagedownloads/5c3e5-39-47.pdf | Flora of Wadi El Ghattara 2010 |
| Barrani, M. W. (2008) A study of environmental degradation factors in the semi-desert Dafna region-Libya. Master Thesis-Department of Science and environmental engineering-Postgraduate Academy Benghazi branch. (In Arabic) | |
| Mohammed, S.A.H. (2008) A taxonomic and ecological study of the plants of the Shaafin Reserve in Masalatah. Master Thesis. Department of Biology-Faculty of Arts and Sciences-Al-Mirqab University. Al-Khums. Libya. (In Arabic) | |
| Al-Shf, N. S. (2005) a taxonomic study of the plants of the Kaam region. Master Thesis, College of Science, Al-Marqab University, Al-Khums, Libya. (In Arabic) | |
| El-Komati, A. F. (2004) Medicinal plants in the Shapiat of Marqab, their distribution, classification and importance. Master Thesis. Biology Department- Faculty of Science-Al-Marqab University. Al-Khums. Libya. (In Arabic) | |
| Al-Sodany, Y. M., Shehata, M. N. & Shaltout, K. H. (2003): Vegetation along an elevation gradient in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. ecologia mediterranea, tome 29, fascicule 2, 2003, p. 125-138. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yassin-Al-Sodany, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kamal-Shaltout | Vegetation an elevation in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar 2003 |
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| El-Shaary M.S. (2002). The Natural Vegetation in Marmarica plateau (North-eastern Libya). First ed. Tobruk (Libya): Published by the local Authority. (In Arabic) | |
| Al-Hamadi R.I.(1999) Floristic and ecological study of Wadi Al-Agar, Master Thesis, Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Botany Department-Faculty of Science-Garyounis University, Benghazi, Libya. (In Arabic) | |
| ACSAD (1984) Wadi Al-Kouf National Park Studies Project. Arab Center for the Studies of Arid Zones and Dry Lands. | |
| DURAND, E. & BARATTE (1910). Florae Libycae Prodromus ou catalogue raisonné des plantes de Tripolitaine. – : 185 — under: Thymus capitatus (L.) Hoffmanns. & Link . https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6399663s | |
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