| Vachellia tortilis (Forssk.) Galasso & Banfi / Homotypic Synonyms: Acacia tortilis (Forssk.) Hayne // Infraspecifics: Vachellia tortilis ssp. raddiana (Savi) Kyal. & Boatwr./ Homotypic Synonyms: Acacia raddiana Savi, it is a flat topped or umbrella shaped big tree, up to 4–21 m. high, occasionally a bush 1 m high, bark grey to black, fissured. Leaves, rhachis short, 2 cm. long or less, pinnae 2–-10 pairs, 2-17 mm long, leaflets 6-19 pairs per pinna, usually very small, 0.5-2.5(-6) mm. long, ciliate to glabrous. Stipules spinescent, some short ± hooked and up to about 5 mm. long, mixed with other long straight whitish ones to about 8(-10) cm long, “ant-galls” and other prickles absent. Young branches glabrous to densely pubescent, going brown to purplish-black. Inflorescence capitate. Flowers cream or whitish, in axillary heads 5–10 mm. in diameter on peduncles 0.4–2.4 cm. long. Pods 7.5-15.0 cm long, c. 6-9 mm broad, contorted or spirally twisted. Seeds olive- to red-brown, smooth, elliptic, compressed, 7 mm long, 4.5–6 mm wide, areole 5–6 mm long, 3–4 mm wide. Life Form: Ph, Flowering in: Spring -Autumn. Vern: Talha , Phytochoria: SA+SZ, The native range of this species is Africa, Sinai to Arabian Peninsula. Notes: Wild in Libya.
For more information: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77087190-1, https://www.ipni.org/n/77087190-1, https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000211235, https://www.gbif.org/species/3974700, https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/specie/226013/vachellia-tortilis-forssk-banfi-galasso, https://openherbarium.org/taxa/index.php?taxon=Vachellia%20tortilis, https://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Vachellia+tortilis, https://botany.cz/cs/acacia-tortilis/, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vachellia_tortilis |
| Distribution in Libya | ||
| Zliten-Misurata Plain | Sirte Plains | Jabal Nafusa |
| Misurata 2015 Sassu Valley 2016 | (2 km) E. Bugrain 1967 Wadi Soofejeen 2017 | Between Al-Josh and Rumia 1975 Msallata (Shaafien) 2017 |
| Al-Qibla area | Al-Jufra area | Fezzan area |
| Wadi Nesma region 2009 Wadis South of Mizda 2013 | (43 km) from Weshka, Al-Haruj El-Aswad 1975 Between Sokna and Wadi Weshka 1976 EL-Harouge mountain 2012 EL-Jufra 2018 | (5 km) from Al-Abiad 1973 |
| Al-Kufra area | Ghat area | Jabal Al-Uwinat |
| Al-Kufra 2018 | Ghat (Between Acacus and Tassili Mountains) 2004 Wadi Tanezzuft 2012 | Gebel Uweinat 1968 Jabal Al-Uweinat region 2008 |
| Bibliographic references: | |
| First: Encyclopedia Flora of Libyan: | |
| Jafri, S.M.H. & El-Gadi, A. (1978) Flora of Libya, Mimosaceae Vol. (60) Department of Botany, Al-Faateh Univ., Tripoli, Libya. | |
| Second: Researches and PhD theses, master theses, Sorted by Newest: | pdf files |
| EL-Barasi,Y.M., Bader, B.M., Barrani. M.W., EL-Hashani, N.M. and Alamrouni, A.O. (2018) Ecological studies on EL-Jufra Desert Depression. https://bit.ly/45fIfT1, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yacoub-El-Barasi | Ecological studies On EL-Jufra 2018 |
| Mohamed, M. I. & Bouhabbal, A.A. (2018) A study on plant diversity in the Kufra depression. The fifth Scientific Conference of Environment and Sustainable Development in the Arid and Semi- Arid Regions (ICESD) -From 23-25 July-2018. Ajdabiya University-Libya. (In Arabic) | |
| Bahri, N.M. (2017) Identify, Limit and Determine the Vegetation Types of Wadi Ka’am Areas, Libya. Journal of Marine Sciences and Environmental Technologies-Volume (3) -Issue (2) (In Arabic) http://www.asmarya.edu.ly/journal2/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/JMSET06-3-1-20171.pdf | وادي كعام ومناطق اخري 2017 |
| Aljarroushi, M.M. & Almedham, K. E. (2016) Geographical distribution and Life form of plants in Sassu Valley, Misurata area, Libya. Al-satil Vol. 10 No. 15 March 2016. https://bit.ly/3Ntrqh6, https://search.mandumah.com/Record/813441 | Sassu Valley 2016 |
| Aljarroushi, M.M. & Almedham, K.E. (2015) Natural plant cover composition in Misurata area, Libya. Assiut Journal for Environmental Studies-42nd issue-July 2015. (In Arabic) | |
| Mohamed, F.J. (2013) A Taxonomic Study of Wadis Flora South of Mizda at the intersections with Mizda-Sebha Highway. Master Thesis. Department of Botany-Faculty of Science-Sebha University. Libya. (In Arabic) | |
| El-Barasi, Y.M. & Barrani, M.W. (2012) Factors affecting natural vegetation on EL-Harouge Mountain, Central part of Libyan Desert (Sahara). Bocconea 24: 199-211. 2012. -ISSN 1120-4060. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yacoub-El-Barasi, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Manam-Saaed-2 | vegetation on EL-Harouge mountain 2012 |
| Mukassabi, T.A, Ahmidat, G., Sherif, I.M., ELMogasapi, A.(2012) Checklist and life forms of plant species in contrasting climatic zones of Libya. Biological Diversity and Conservation – 5 / 3 (2012) https://bit.ly/42hptsN, https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/biodicon/issue/55888/765799 | plant species in contrasting climatic zones of Libya 2012 |
| Bahri, N.M. (2009) Study of the vegetation covers of Wadi Nesma region, northwest of Libya. Master Thesis, Department of Botany, College of Science, Sebha University, Libya. (In Arabic) | |
| Alzwai, A.M.H. (2008) A study of the vegetation covers of the Jabal Al-Uweinat region in Libya. Master Thesis – Botany Department – College of Science – Garyounis University – Libya. (In Arabic) | |
| Ahmidat, Gh. (2004) Study of the vegetation cover of the area between the Acacus Mountains and the Tassili Mountains (Ghat). Master Thesis. Department of Botany.College of Science. Sebha University. Libya. (In Arabic) |
