| Sonchus oleraceus L., it is an annual or biennial herb 10–200 cm tall, from a short taproot. Simple or sometimes branched, the stems hollow striate. Leaves 5-30 x 1.3-12 cm, obovate to oblanceolate, membranous, glabrous, mostly incised, denticulate, apical segment more or less truncate, the apex acute to obtuse, basal segment often narrowed into a distinct, winged, mostly entire margined petiolar base, expanded into auricles clasping the stem., Life Form: Th , Flowering in: Almost the year, Vern: Tefaf , Phytochoria: Cosm , The native range of this species is Macaronesia, Europe to Medit., Sahara to Arabian Peninsula. Notes: Wild in Libya. weed, invasive, noxious, medicinal plant.
For more information: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:250268-1, https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000069236, https://www.gbif.org/species/8228544, https://www.actaplantarum.org/flora/flora_info.php?id=7417, https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/sonchus/oleraceus/, https://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Sonchus+oleraceus, https://portal.wiktrop.org/group/animation_communication_wikwio/species/show/307, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonchus_oleraceus |
| Distribution in Libya | ||
| Al-Jafarah Plain | Zliten-Misurata Plain | Sirte Plains |
| Tripoli 1975,1976 (10 km) from Zuara to Ferwa 1976 1976 Sabrata 2008 Jafara Plain (Wadi Ghado) 2015 El-Zawia 2015 Al-Hdaba Treatment Plant Tripoli 2016 Mallaha Wetland Tripoli 2016 Sabratha 2019 Sabratha region 2020 Coastal of Tripoli 2020 Researches Station of Agriculture Faculty, University of Tripoli 2021 | Leptus Megna 2004 Kaam area 2005 Misurata 2006,2008 Wadi Kaam (Estuary) 2022 Zliten (Wadi EL-Zekr) 2022 | (7 Km) SE of Sitre City 2008 Sirte 2015, 2016 Wadi Al-Hamar Region 2020 |
| Benghazi Plain | Jabal Nafusa | Al-Jabal Al-Akhder |
| Dariana, (40 km) from Benghazi 1972 Jardina-Soloq Region 2020 Wadi El-Enaghar 2021 Soloq (Beir Bullerjam) 2022 | Abughilan 1970 Gharian 1974 Sharshara, Wadi Kaam, on the bank of the river 1976 Msallata (Shaafeen) 2008 Msallata National Park (Shaafeen) 2013 Tarhuna (Mckhalef, Terghlat) 2018 Msallata-Garaboulli Province 2020 Gharyan (Sedrores Mountains) 2020 | (87 km) from Baida to Al-Marj, Taknis, Shaha 1972 Wadi Al-Abeed, Derna 1973 Wadi Al-Agar 1999 El-Hamamah to Biada 2003 Gebel Akhder 2007 Gaber Jera 2013 Wadi El-Kouf 2014 Sidi Abu-Ras 2017 Al-Oylia region 2017 Wadi Derna 2017 Wadi Al-Kouf 2021 |
| Marmarica Plateau | Al-Qibla area | Al-Jufra area |
| Reported in Marmarica north-eastern part of Libya by Pampanini 1930 From Tobruk to Egyptian Border 1999 | Wadis South of Mizda 2013 | Hun, Zella 2008 Al-Jufra region 2020 |
| Ghat area | ||
| Awainat 1976 Ghat (Between Acacus and Tassili Mountains) 2004 Wadi Tanezzuft 2012 | ||
| Bibliographic references: | |
| First: Encyclopedia Flora of Libyan: | |
| Jafri, S. M. H. & El-Gadi, A. (1983) Flora of Libya, Asteraceae Vol. (107) Department of Botany, Al-Faateh Univ., Tripoli, Libya. | |
| Second: Researches and PhD theses, master theses , Sorted by Newest: | pdf files |
| Almushghub, F., Ahmed, D., Sharaf El-Din, A., Shaltout, k. (2022) Vegetation analysis of Wadi Kaam at northwest Libya. Journal of Basic and Environmental Sciences, 9 (2022) 20-37. https://bit.ly/41ReGFx , https://jbesci.org/viewp.php?files=published/9.1.3.pdf&id=213, https://jbesci.org/published/9.1.3.pdf | Wadi Kaam 2022 |
| El-Karnawdy, F.O.M. & Swaisy, A.S.M. (2022) Current status of floristic structure in Wadi EL-Zekr, Zliten City, Libya. Middle East International Conference on Contemporary Scientific Studies-VII-Beirut Arab University, Lebanon-March 3-4, 2022. https://www.middleeastconference.org/_files/ugd/614b1f_77fabd66c5054350a95423613bc913b6.pdf , https://www.middleeastconference.org/conference-books | Wadi EL-Zekr, Zliten 2022 |
| Omar, N., Adrees, A., Alhursh, A., Shuayb, M., Alajeeli, O., Alzerbi, A.K. (2022) Identification of the Most Important Weed Species in A Barley Crops in Beir Bullerjam Region-Soloq, Libya. Scientific Journal for the Faculty of Science-Sirte University Vol. 2, No. 1 April (2022) 15-22. http://journal.su.edu.ly/index.php/JSFSU/article/view/206, http://journal.su.edu.ly/index.php/JSFSU/issue/view/21 | Beir Bullerjam Region –Soloq, Libya 2022 |
| Al-Sghair, F.G. and Mahklouf, M.H. (2021) Vegetation Survey for Vascular Plants of Protected Area of the University of Tripoli-Libya. Species. Vol.22 (69), 2021. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf, http://www.discoveryjournals.org/Species/current_issue/2021/v22/n69/index.htm, http://www.discoveryjournals.org/Species/current_issue/2021/v22/n69/A1.pdf | Vegetation Survey of the University of Tripoli 2021 |
| Al-Traboulsi, M. & Alaib, M.A. (2021) A Survey of medicinal plants of Wadi Al-Kouf in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. NAT. CROAT, VOL. 30. No 2. (389-404), ZAGREB. December 31, 2021. https://hrcak.srce.hr/269442 / https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/390805 | Medicinal plants of Wadi Al-Kouf 2021 |
| Omar, N., El-Mghrbi, N.G., Rahil, R.O., Alaib, M.A., Alzerbi, A.K. (2021) Floristic Composition and Plant Diversity of Western Part of Wadi El- Enaghar, Libya. Species-22(70), 2021. pp. (204-217). https://bit.ly/41TInWw, http://www.discoveryjournals.org/Species/current_issue/2021/v22/n70/index.htm, http://www.discoveryjournals.org/Species/current_issue/2021/v22/n70/A4.pdf | Wadi El- Enaghar, Libya 2021 |
| Saaed, M.W.B., EL-Barasi, Y.M. & Rahil, R.O. (2021) An updated checklist and quantitative analysis of the Marmarica Plateau flora, in the north-eastern part of Libya. Phytotaxa 509 (1): 001-055. https://www.mapress.com/j/pt/, https://www.biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.509.1.1 | An updated Marmarica Plateau flora 2021 |
| Al-khojah, H.M., Al-Yafour, L.A., Mahklouf, M.H. (2020) Floristic Study of Selected Districts in Sabratha region Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology Volume 7/Issue 4 ISSN: 2348-7313. https://bit.ly/3Lop40u , https://scienceq.org/floristic-study-of-selected-districts-in-sabratha-region-libya.php | Sabratha region Libya 2020 |
| El-Ahmir, S.M., Mahklouf, M.H., Shanta, M.B., Abo-Jaafer, H.A. (2020) Floristic Study of Sedrores Mountains in Gharyan District-Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology. Volume 8 / Issue 1. ISSN: 2348-7313. https://bit.ly/3VkL3Kh, https://scienceq.org/floristic-study-of-sedrores-mountains-in-gharyan-district-libya.php | Sedrores Mountains in Gharyan 2020 |
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| Mahklouf, M.H. (2020) Biodiversity of the coastal flora of Tripoli Province. Biodiv. Res. Conserv. 58: 13-19, 2020. BRC www.brc.amu.edu.pl , http://brc.amu.edu.pl/pdf-127341-54763?filename=Biodiversity%20of%20the.pdf, http://brc.amu.edu.pl/Issue-58-2020,9131 | coastal flora of Tripoli 2020 |
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| Omar, N.O.I., Alaib, M.A., El-Mghrbi, N.G., Alzerbi, A.K. (2020) Checklist of Flora and Floristic Study of Wadi Al-Hamar Region in Libya. Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Applied Science 6 (2), (2020) 20-24. https://bit.ly/3Vm38ro, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Naser-Omar | Wadi Al-Hamar Region in Libya 2020 |
| Omar, N., Alai, M.A. & Al-Zerbi, A.K. (2020) A Survey of Weed Species of Barley Crop Fields in Farms of GMR Agricultural Project in Jardina-Soloq Region, Libya. Libyan Journal of Basic Sciences, Vol: 11, No: 1, P: 29-38, August. 2020. https://bit.ly/40Und9s , https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Naser-Omar, https://ljbs.omu.edu.ly/vol11no1august-2020/ | Weed Species of Jardina-Soloq Region 2020 |
| Saed, Z.H. S., Abohbell, H.A., Mahklouf, M. H. (2019) Floristic Analysis of the Family Asteraceae in Sabratha city- Libya. American Journal of Life Science Researches 2019; 7(1): 18-25 Published online January, 2019 http://mail.diili.org/ojs-2.4.6/index.php/ajlsr/article/view/273/0 | Asteraceae in Sabratha city 2019 |
| Mahklouf, M.H. Sherif, A.S, Betelmal, A. G. (2018) Floristic Study for Tarhuna-Libya. Hacettepe J. Biol. & Chem, 2018, 46 (3), 337-364. https://bit.ly/3p26EuO, http://www.hjbc.hacettepe.edu.tr/journal/volume-46/issue-3/floristic-study-for-tarhuna-libya/index.html | Floristic Study for Tarhuna 2018 |
| Ab-Aziza, F.B., El–Barasi, Y.M. and Rahil, R.O. (2017) Flora, Vegetation and Human Activities of Wadi Derna-El-Jabal. Research article I Botany l Version 1. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yacoub-El-Barasi, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rebeh-Rahil | VegetationWadi Derna 2017 |
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